use case textual description template

>>Click here to download the use case template<<. Keep the steps essential or logical -- no colors, clicks, typing! In this template, we can observe the description of the variabilities at the end of the use case. Asadi et al. This template was found in 4 papers from the Step 03 (see Table 3). The more detailed a use case is, the easier it is to understand. cus so far has been on analysis of textual descriptions of use cases. If so, understanding how use cases improve your business may be beneficial. (2008) were excluded due to the second criterion. In a recent post, I provided a definition of use case as well as an example.. Table 10 presents the results of the hypothesis testing performed in order to compare the results related to time to complete the experiment tasks and the accuracy of the task execution. Northrop, LM, Clements PC (2007) A Framework for Software Product Line Practice, Version 5.0. http://www.sei.cmu.edu/productlines/frame_report/. In regards to the twelve included papers, we realized that Validation and Evaluation Research are weakly addressed, because we found only one paper (9%) in the Evaluation Research category and two papers (18%) in the Validation Research category. The use case brief is a two-to-six sentence description of use case behavior, mentioning only the most significant activity and failures. An effective Use Case should provide a detailed step-by-step description of how the system will be used by its actors to achieve the planned outcome. 2010). You can use this example diagram to draw similar use cases in Creately. In [4], we described a pipeline architecture for analyzing use case text and demonstrated? The requirements engineering process of an SPL should include strategic and effective techniques for analyzing domains, finding similarities and variabilities, and dealing with a community of stakeholders probably larger than those for single-system requirements elicitation (Cheng and Atlee 2007; Northrop and Clements 2007). Thus, observing that we have found templates that are recent, the specification of variability in textual use cases is still an interesting research topic. Template and example for a use case textual description.docx - Template for a use case textual description Use Case Name Summary Actor(s Preconditions, 1 out of 2 people found this document helpful. You can use a use case diagram to define it. Nakanishi, T, Fujita M, Yamazaki S, Yamashita N, Ashihara S (2007) Tailoring the domain engineering process of the plus method In: Proceedings of the 14th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, 486–493.. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA. However, we agree with Ferrari et al. Moreover, works not using the use cases for the capture of SPL variabilities were not considered (e.g. UML is the modeling toolkit that you can use to build your diagrams. A Blog - Practical Tips & Articles on High-Tech Product Management. Use case description, part 1: Objective: Describe each Use Case with a Textual Narrative. Regarding the seven other templates, the specification of Optional and Mandatory Alternative Exactly 1 is taken into account in all of them. In this post, I share a use case template in a fully-dressed format, as well as a use case example using the template. The accuracy from the use of these structures indicated a statistically significant difference (better) when compared to the Advice Use Case structure. Carol Britton, Jill Doake, in A Student Guide to Object-Oriented Development, 2005. Use Case testing is a functional Black Box testing technique. The participants were also monitored through log-sheets of their daily performances and they were allowed to use self-reporting. 1990). For agile development, a requirement model of many UML diagrams depicting use cases plus some textual descriptions, notes or use case briefs would be very lightweight and just enough for small or easy project use. Moreover, the description of the variabilities at the end of the use case in the Specific Section structure and the use of questions in the structure presented by Bragança and Machado (Tags structure) were also identified as important characteristics to the understanding of the SPL use case. Each step needs to be … The use of both Specific Section and Tags structures have shown results statistically equal to each other, both in time to perform tasks, and the accuracy of the result. With this category we wanted to know which variability types the use case template is able to describe. While a Systematic Review (SR) is a means of identifying, evaluating and interpreting all available research relevant to a particular question (Kitchenham and Charters 2007), a Systematic Mapping intends to provide an overview of a research area (Petersen et al. The templates of Gomaa (2004) and Nyugun (2009) also support the specification of Optional Alternative Exactly 1, but only the template of Eriksson et al. For this, works in literature (e.g. Large significance values (>0.05) indicate that the observed distribution corresponds to the theoretical distribution. Fant, JS, Gomaa H, Pettit RG (2013) A pattern-based modeling approach for software product line engineering In: Proceedings of the 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), 4985–4994.. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA. 2012; Bragança and Machado 2006; Gomaa 2004). Actors: Shopper; … A Use-Case model consists of a number of model elements. 2013). to implement this use case. All the use cases are small, since a larger example would demand effort incompatible with the time available for the study. Use Cases may or may not result in achieving a goal by the ‘Actor/User’ on interactions with the system.In Use Case… In: Käkölä T Duenas JC (eds)Software Product Lines Research Issues in Engineering and Management.. Springer, Brazil. H The contributions of this paper are twofold. Now that you have a use case model and an overview of the steps inside the use case you are dealing with – next thing to do is to write the use case specification. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2648511.2648523. (1990). In this scenario, one of the requirements artifacts most used in SPL development are use cases (Alves et al. The reference should link to the specific rule defined in the Business Rules artifact. Cite this article. (2013) is an adaptation of Eriksson et al.‘s template (Eriksson et al. They are: i) Kamties et al.‘s template (Kamsties et al. In this way, these steps can be executed or not. In this section we present the mapping protocol. We also looked for work that compares requirements engineering approaches for SPL, and, addressing this issue, we found four studies (Alferez et al. A use case represents a user goal that can be achieved by accessing the system or software application. 2008). Google Scholar. (2005) propose that use case scenarios of an SPL can be described using an extended version of the tabular RUP SE Black Box flow of events notation (IBM 2002). c e We also found evidence that the specification of variabilities at the end of the use cases favors the comprehension of them and the use of questions associated to the variation points in the use cases improves the understanding of use cases. Use Case Name: Place Order. Inf Softw Technol 53: 407–423. Instead, a proper use case diagram depicts a high-level overview of the relationship between use cases, actors, and systems. All of them assess the comprehensibility provided by a use cases model. Then, two selection criteria were established to define which template would be used in the experiment: a) the template should not model the final product in the specification, since this reduces the maintainability; and b) the template should describe explicitly the variability type, because this allows the understanding of the use case without other models. According to Benavides et al. In Visual Paradigm, you can make use of the sub-diagram feature to describe the interaction between user and system within a use case by creating a sub-sequence diagram under a use case.You can also describe the use case scenario using the Flow of Events editor. 2010). First, we present a systematic mapping study about the SPL variability description using textual use cases. Using these tags, any text fragment of the textual use case description may be variant and this is explicitly marked by pairs of the XML-like tags and . The results showed that the approach is easy to use and useful for specifying the functional requirements in this particular SPL. These “uses” are like requests of the system, and use cases describe what that system does in response to such requests. However, to the best of our knowledge, no efforts have been made to collect and summarize these existing templates and no empirical evaluation of the use cases’ comprehensibility provided by these templates has been addressed yet. 2014). • Used here: Use case, class, object, statechart, sequence, collaboration, and activity diagrams • Development of the case study also demonstrates a typical development process • Diagram order in this document does not reflect the order occurring in the development. 4). 2010; Neiva 2009). ISS conducted the experiment with the volunteers. Some benefits of using SPL are (Gallina and Guelfi 2007; Northrop and Clements 2007; Urli et al. This explains the actors, conditions – pre & post, flow of events ,alternative flows , exceptional flow and other important information of a use case. Alferez et al. Cockburn, A (2000) Writing Effective Use Cases. Use case ID: A unique identifier used for tracing. Use Case Template A. Cockburn Page -1- Humans and Technology HaT TR96.03a (98.10.26) Edmon Begoli, Lucent Technologies CSCI 6448 University of Colorado – CATECS Homework 3 Submission Notes on homework: Dr. Anderson, Please not that I used Use Case templates provided by Alistair Cockburn on his use cases web site: www.usecases.org. How do we describe use cases? Sig.”). Finally the Use Case may describe a piece of background or batch processing, … 2003; Gallina and Guelfi 2007; Choi et al. The result was a set of 23 papers. Thus, the four use cases of this experiment may not be representative in terms of size and complexity, but we agree with Dahan et al. The use case specification will be based on the activity diagram. Gallina and Guelfi (2007) propose a Use Case Elicitation Template (UCET) that provides special fields to collect information concerning variabilities: a) selection category, which specifies whether the use case is mandatory, optional or alternative; b) a description of variation points, and c) fault variation description, used to describe the faults strongly related to the variation points. m Furthermore, these authors performed data extraction on a sample of the primary studies and their results were cross-checked with those of the first author. [Vo], [ALT]) to indicate the variation points within the use cases. Finally, Section 5 concludes the paper and presents future directions. Considering only the valid executions, the Specific Section structure had a preference of 29.1% of the experiment volunteers and the Tags structure had a preference of 21.6%. The use case model captures the requirements of a system. The steps must not mention how the system does something. In this scenario, the contributions of this paper are: i) offer a summary of existing use case templates as a result of a systematic mapping study with a focus on how to describe SPL variability in textual use cases; and ii) describe the results of a controlled experiment with four SPL use case template structures. Chen, L, Babar MA, Ali N (2009) Variability management in software product lines: a systematic review In: Proceedings of the 13th International Software Product Line Conference, 81–90.. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Finally, we decided to exclude the template of Oliveira et al. The name should start with a strong verb. In this case, the significance value for time and accuracy do not exceed 0.05. It captures the relationship between the business as a whole and its corresponding customers and partners. [Free Use Case Template] As a business analyst, use cases will help you ask incredibly smart questions about the software, even when you don’t actually know that much about the technology or the business. In this approach, the variabilities can be modeled by advice use cases that extend the behavior of base use cases. Anthonysamy and Somé (2008) propose an aspect-oriented use cases modelling approach to model product line systems that is supported by a tool called Use Case Editor (UCEd). Furthermore, Bonifacio and Borba (2009) applied their approach in different case studies where they achieved a better feature modularity and scenario cohesion. The level of detail in Use Cases may vary greatly … Use Case naming is usually done based on an organization’s data standards. Template for a use case textual description: Example of a use case textual description, using the above template: The Create Album feature allows the user of the software to create a new album in. (2013) from this controlled experiment, because the use of the Alternative Scenarios structure is similar to common use case structures, since the variations are described just like alternative scenarios. and has six keywords (Wieringa et al. For this comparison, they used five criteria: SPL activity support, RE covered tasks, MDD strategy support, the degree of automatic support with a given tool, and the type of validation of the proposals. This implies that the data set is not normal because the p-value was smaller than the significance level (alpha) 0.05. A description for the example would be “This use case description outlines the steps for a student manager to review a student request and approve or deny the request.” Created by: The author of the use case. The reason for using students in our study was the availability sampling technique. 2008): i) Mapping studies generally have broader research questions driving them and often ask multiple research questions; ii) The search terms for mapping studies will be less highly focused than for systematic reviews and are likely to return a very large number of studies; and iii) SR aims at establishing the state of evidence while the main focus of an SM is on classification and identification of publication fora. 2005) and two other approaches to modularity, expressiveness, and stability through the specification and evolution of a car crash crisis management system SPL. In order to avoid threats related to the use of a single group, the four treatments (use case template structures) were used for all the subjects. Have you ever been disappointed when a new software release does not include that one common feature all users want? Thus, from the four steps of the study selection process, 12 studies were considered relevant and thus make up the final set of included papers. 2000) to assess if it is reasonable to assume that both data sets come from a normal population. (2014) which presents an assessment of the MSVCM approach in regards to modularity, stability, and expressiveness. These characteristics make it easy and intuitive to identify whether the use case steps were mandatory, optional, or alternative. The keywords in this category are: Tags: The use case template uses tags (e.g. u Kuloor, C, Eberlein A (2002) Requirements engineering for software product lines In: Proceedings of the International Conference Software Systems Engineering and Their Applications.. CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France. Example of use case with Alternative Scenarios. Innov Syst Softw Eng 8: 51–64. (2007) and Oliveira et al. Figure 3 shows the use case “Withdraw Money” described in this template, where the variabilities were specified with the following associated features: “PIN”, “Fingerprint” and “Voice”. Most of these are organization speci c. Examples of published templates include [8], [2], [3], [6], [7] and [1]. Other differences between the SR and the SM are (Kitchenham and Charters 2007; Neto et al. Where a Business Rule applies within the use case, create a reference to the exact step in the Alternative Flow where the rule applies. This meta-model is based on elements commonly found in use case templates. e An example of this question is below: “Before selecting the amount of money, the user must: b) at least insert the chip card in the ATM, c) at least enter the fingerprint OR a sample voice, d) at least enter the PIN, and fingerprint or a voice sample. Each tag is expanded in a section called “Variations” and is mapped to the Orthogonal Variability Model (OVM). Requir Eng J 11: 102–107. That interaction may be an online transaction where the Actor is a human user. (2006), named Research Type. Inf Syst 35(6): 615–636. Home; About Us; Use Case Template and an Example. Santos, IS, Andrade RMC, Neto PAS (2014) How to describe spl variabilities in textual use cases: A systematic mapping study In: Proceedings of the Eighth Brazilian Symposium on Software Components, Architectures and Reuse (SBCARS).. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA. Dahan, M, Shoval P, Sturm A (2014) Comparing the impact of the oo-dfd and the use case methods for modeling functional requirements on comprehension and quality of models. Finally, two main threats to the validity of this study are: i) potential bias in the papers’ selection, as this was performed by one reviewer, who is the primary author; and ii) some relevant use case templates may not be included. All the developers had used textual use cases descriptions professionally, but three of them had never studied SPL. i can be rejected. John Wiley & Sons, USA. It was firstly conducted between January and March 2014 (Santos et al. r A use case is normally named as a verb-phrase and given a brief informal textual description. u Use Case Descriptions • actors - something with a behavior or role, e.g., a person, another system, organization. This category reflects the research approach used in the papers and is independent of a specific topic (Petersen et al. (2014) present a case study with their approach. University of Maryland, University College, Phase 2 - Use Case and Sequence Diagram.docx, Chapter 7 - Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Scope, Chapter 6 - Object-Oriented Software Design and Implementation, University of Maryland, University College • SWEN 645, University of Maryland, Baltimore County • DPTP 558, University of Maryland, University College • SWEN 603, University of Maryland, University College • SWEN 656. Furthermore, the study was executed with the presence of 41 students (undergraduate and graduate) and 7 developers. The SPL requirements should then be modeled from the reuse perspective by explicitly representing the commonality and variability information (Alves et al. (Niu and Easterbrook 2008; Oliveira et al. Mustafa 2010 presented an experiment that has evaluated the impact of the use cases format on the understanding of the requirements. Furthermore, the choice of which structure each volunteer would use in each task was made randomly. This work focuses on the assessment of different textual use case templates and their impact on the comprehension of the SPL use cases. : there is no statistically significant difference in the SPL use cases’ comprehensibility using the evaluated template structures. 2003) described in Section 4.4.2. This evaluation was made with respect to the effort from the researcher’s viewpoint. Table 3 presents the papers found at Step 03 and the included papers based on the EC4. In this paper, we report 1) guidelines to make use case descriptions amenable to textual analysis, 2) an … Knowledge Systems Institute Graduate School, Skokie, USA. The first step in defining a use case is to define the name, using the verb-noun naming convention. 0 t This article also demonstrates a convention for organizing a use case’s steps based on the established approach of writing use case steps nonredundantly by using flows of different kinds. Each unit has a specific role within the overall functionality of the system. Zhou et al. In the first phase, Research Directives, the protocol and the research questions are established. description of the input and output formats of the FOAM tool. Experts recommend that use case diagrams be used to supplement a more descriptive textual use case. Besides the two defined categories, we decided to use the category for classification of research defined by Wieringa et al. As a result, the templates of Bertolino et al. Hadar et al. In the mean time, review the table below to get a basic understanding of what is in the use case and then we will review each element as we progress through our use case … It captures actor-system interaction. 2013). For this, the participants registered the initial and final time for each comprehension task. Bonifácio, R, Borba P (2009) Modeling scenario variability as crosscutting mechanisms In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on Aspect-oriented Software Development, 125–136.. ACM, New York, NY, USA. An aspectual use case has a name and a list of advices that can extend the behavior of existing scenarios. The article you are reading now uses a generic use case specification template that combines the most common elements from the available templates. There are specific branches of business use case such as business analyst use case, business specification, business processes and more. In the Choi et al. We can see in Table 5 that the Tags structure has the largest number of templates. The results of the controlled experiment provide an empirical knowledge about the template structures identified, and this knowledge can help in the choice of a use case template for practical use, as well as in the execution of other controlled experiments with use cases. The SLR of Galster et al. 0 a Due to this fact, we have conducted a controlled … Santos, I.S., Andrade, R.M. Finally, in Section 6, we provide conclusions from this work. A requirement is a contract or promise that the use case will perform an action or … We merged the categories Research Type and Variability Description in a systematic map (Fig. and Is there another identification type?) J Universal Comput Sci 20(5): 666–691. For additional details please refer to our previous work (Santos et al. Finally, the third phase, Results, is responsible for reporting the study outcomes based on a classification scheme. Furthermore, we do not excluded duplicate papers in this step. Instead, a proper use case diagram depicts a high-level overview of the relationship between use cases, actors, and systems. Many business events occur at the interface point between the business and one of the external entities with which it … A use case specification provides details for a use case in a textual format . 2003) present the Tags structure to deal with the SPL variabilities, while only two papers (Nguyen 2009; Gomaa 2004) have used the Specific Section structure and one (Anthonysamy and Somé 2008) has used Advice Use Case. The final question of the comprehension test was used to validate the subject’s task. Bragança, A, Machado RJ (2006) Extending uml 2.0 metamodel for complementary usages of the <> relationship within use case variability specification In: Proceedings of the 10th International on Software Product Line Conference, 123–130.. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, USA. (2014) that the use of students should not diminish the results of a controlled experiment, as important results have been found in other Software Engineering studies when student-based studies have been conducted. UML is the modeling toolkit that you can use to build your diagrams. 2010). Example of use case with Step Identifier (Adapted from (Erikssona et al. We highlight that we removed the keywords “software”, “textual” and “template” from the search string because in preliminary searches with these keywords in the search string we lost important papers for our research goal. The test indicated that the data set did not follow a normal distribution, so, it was necessary to use non-parametric tests for hypothesis testing. •Textual or tabular descriptions •User stories •Diagrams . (2013), Bonifacio and Borba (2009), and Anthonysamy and Somé (2008), where the variability type is specified by the feature model. The narrative consists of three basic elements: Triggering event; Main flow of events; … The execution of an experimental study with all twelve templates found would be costly, since the use of each template requires a lot of training and is time consuming. Cheng, BHC, Atlee JM (2007) Research directions in requirements engineering In: Proceedings of the Future of Software Engineering (FOSE ’07).. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA. Technical report, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. In this section we describe the results of the systematic mapping study. Wohlin, C, Runeson P, Host M, Ohlsson M, Regnell B, Wesslen A (2000) Experimentation in Software Engineering: An Introduction. Template for a use case textual description: Use Case However, considering the included studies, we did not find any controlled experiment comparing the use case template structures in terms of perceived ease of use or comprehensibility. By conducting an SM that involves a controlled and formal literature search, we believe that the results of this paper will benefit researchers and practitioners. a new mandatory step) could result in changes in the variability description. However, it is not enough to only manage variability among whole use cases; it must also be possible to specify variant behavior within use case descriptions (Erikssona et al. The use of the Specific Section structure to deal with the variabilities is useful for describing variabilities on functional requirements, like in the template of Gomma (2004), and non-functional requirements, as used in the template of Nguyen (2009). Use Case Templates. 2013). The second phase, Data Collection, comprises the execution of the Systematic Mapping, during which the search for the primary studies is performed and the inclusion/exclusion criteria are used in order to select relevant studies according to the research questions.

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