Realist evaluation is a theory-driven approach to evaluating evidence from complex interventions. Realist evaluation is a type of theory-driven evaluation method used in evaluating social programmes. It seeks to understand ‘what works, for who, in what circumstances and why’ rather than providing one-off verdicts on programme … It describes how the realist researcher evaluates complex social interventions not by asking whether a particular programme or intervention 'works', but, recognising that all interventions only ever work for certain people in certain circumstances, by asking instead 'what works for whom in what circumstances'? An impact evaluation approach which unpacks an initiative’s theory of change, provides a framework to collect data on immediate, basic changes that lead to longer, more transformative change, and allows for the plausible assessment of the initiative’s contribution to results via ‘boundary partners’. Develop planning documents for the evaluation or M&E system, 8. Review evaluation (do meta-evaluation), 2. EVALUATION. Based on specific theories, realist evaluation provides an alternative lens to empiricist evaluation techniques for the study and understanding of programmes and policies. This thesis is a report of a theory driven study designed to evaluate the role of the 'intermediary' in promoting best practice in infection prevention and control. Improving skills and care standards in the support workforce for older people: a realist synthesis of workforce development interventions. The paper provides a very brief introduction to the key ideas in realist evaluation and the implications of a realist approach for impact evaluation questions, evaluation design, programme theory, data collection, analysis and Combining qualitative and quantitative data, 1. An approach designed to support ongoing learning and adaptation, through iterative, embedded evaluation. This introduction aims to explain realist impact evaluation for those unfamiliar with its principles. The realist evaluation approach is a relatively new approach to evaluation, especially in some fields (such as health services research). It describes five key ideas which frame realism and their implications for impact evaluation. Realist evaluation: an introduction Realist evaluation is a theory-driven approach to evaluating evidence from complex interventions. Evaluation has become progressively popular within public health and healthcare programme research, with an emphasis on outcomes and … It explains when a realist impact evaluation may be most appropriate and outlines how to design and conduct an impact evaluation based on a realist approach. • Realist evaluation = primary research • Realist synthesis = secondary research • Both methods: – have more of an explanatory rather than judgmental focus. Realist data analysis is driven by the principles of realism: realist evaluation explains change brought about by an intervention by referring to the actors who act and change (or not) a situation under specific conditions and under the influence of external events (including the intervention itself). Realist evaluations attempt to answer questions such as what works, for whom, in which circumstances, and why. Realist evaluations are based on an assumption that projects and programmes work under certain conditions and are influenced by the way that different stakeholders respond to them. Develop programme theory/theory of change, 5. An approach to decision-making in evaluation that involves identifying the primary intended users and uses of an evaluation and then making all decisions in terms of the evaluation design and plan with reference to these. Medical Education 2012, 46:1, 89–96 • Klee R. Introduction to the philosophy of science. The second section of the review introduces retroduction, a major methodological starting-point common to most realists. approach for over 30 years (Baert, 1998, pp. This philosophy is based on the assumption of a scientific approach to the development of knowledge. A research design that focuses on understanding a unit (person, site or project) in its context, which can use a combination of qualitative and quantitative data. Realist evaluation is a valuable method for addressing the complexity of social programmes. Appendix II – ‘Varieties of realist evaluation’: pocket illustrations of quantitative, qualitative, formative and synthetic applications. Cited 9 times in Google Scholar. Define ethical and quality evaluation standards, Document management processes and agreements, Develop planning documents for the evaluation or M&E system, Develop programme theory / theory of change, activities, outcomes, impacts and context, Combine qualitative and quantitative data, Check the results are consistent with causal contribution, Investigate possible alternative explanations, Sustained and emerging impacts evaluation (SEIE), Technology and evaluation in insecure settings, Evaluation practice in Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander settings, http://www.communitymatters.com.au/gpage1.html, 3. I have read and I accept the terms of BetterEvaluation’s. While we do not seek to replicate this debate here, we acknowledge the possibility of using a critical realist approach to understand the outcomes of an RCT in primary care. It gives a brief introduction to the philosophical assumptions underlying realist methods and outlines key principles of realist evaluation (designed for empirical studies) and realist review (the application of realist methods to secondary research). G. Hewitt, S. Sims, R. Harris; Medicine; 1 May 2012; Background: The realist approach is a form of theory-driven evaluation developed to strengthen the explanatory power of evaluation studies and contribute to … In this workshop, participants will explore the advantage of using realist methodology to go beyond the question of ‘did an intervention work or not?’ to addressing questions about how, for whom, and under what circumstances interventions produce their particular outcomes. Realist impact evaluation draws on the realism school of philosophy. It describes five key ideas which frame realism and their implications for impact evaluation. The nature of programmes and how they work 2. (2008). A strengths-based approach to learning and improvement that involves intended evaluation users in identifying ‘outliers’ – those with exceptionally good outcomes - and understanding how they have achieved these. Its overall place in the toolkit of evaluation approaches is not yet fully established. Doing Realist Research combines the foundations of the realist methodology with the very latest thinking in the application, and development, of the approach.From understanding mechanisms, and the formulation of programme theories, to understanding the role of … Various ways of doing evaluation in ways that support democratic decision making, accountability and/or capacity. Conclusions: Realist evaluation and realist synthesis are an advanced approach to evaluation research, but they offer an innovative and insightful means by which to further our understanding of complex social interventions. It is a useful approach to document stories of impact and to develop an understanding of the factors that enhance or impede impact. Genevieve Coorey, David Peiris, Lis Neubeck, Julie Redfern, A realist evaluation approach to explaining the role of context in the impact of a complex eHealth intervention for improving prevention of cardiovascular disease, BMC Health Services Research, 10.1186/s12913-020-05597-5, 20, 1, (2020). Realist approaches are a form of theory-driven evaluation which search for and refine explanations of programme effectiveness, however, several realist studies have been identified which lack this essential process (Pawson and Manzano-Santaella, 2012). An impact evaluation approach that iteratively maps available evidence against a theory of change, then identifies and addresses challenges to causal inference. A Realist Approach to Qualitative Data Analysis: Interviews With Indigenous Patients With Cancer; Epistemology and Metaphysics for Qualitative Research; Researching Social Exclusion & Vulnerability Using Realist Methods; An Introduction to Critical Management Research; An Introduction to the Philosophy of Methodology That is, whenever a program is implemented, it is testing a theory about what ‘might cause change’, even though that theory may not be explicit. Thus realism does involve being realistic. – based on a realist philosophy of science (ontology) – look to answer the ‘How?’, ‘Why?’, ‘For whom?’, ‘To It provides an explanatory analysis aimed at discerning what works for whom, in what circumstances, in what respects and how. Appendix III – ‘Would it work here?’: a grid to help decide on the feasibility of mounting a programme ‘on your patch’. principles of realist methodology I have discussed today remain: 1)Both the material and social world are real. But more importantly, it asserts that the things we are studying in social research have some prior existence and would continue to exist even if our knowledge of them was limited. That is, whenever a program is implemented, it is testing a theory about what ‘might cause change’, even though that theory may not … A Realist Approach to Qualitative Data Analysis: Interviews With Indigenous Patients With Cancer; Epistemology and Metaphysics for Qualitative Research; Researching Social Exclusion & Vulnerability Using Realist Methods; An Introduction to Critical Management Research; An Introduction to the Philosophy of Methodology 'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+"://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); Select a content type to filter search results: A special thanks to this page's contributors. The core principle is that we should make explicit the underlying assumptions about how an We’d love to hear from you. Be the first to comment on this page! A stakeholder involvement approach designed to provide groups with the tools and knowledge they need to monitor and evaluate their own performance and accomplish their goals. This web page from Community Matters provides a brief introduction to realist evaluation along with the a chapter by Ray Pawson and Nick Tilley that provides discussion of the basic concepts , strategies and methods of realist evaluation. Introduction: Realist evaluation is an increasingly popular methodology in health services research. An approach designed to support ongoing learning and adaptation, which identifies the processes required to achieve desired results, and then observes whether those processes take place, and how. 26 Causal explanations are expressed as contingent relationships between mechanisms (changes in participants’ reasoning or resources), context (contingencies) and outcomes, often abbreviated to context-mechanism-outcome configuration (CMO) to show how … The realist approach is a form of theory-driven evaluation developed to strengthen the explanatory power of evaluation studies and contribute to evidence-based policy and practice. Introduction. Introduction. This means collecting data, not just about program impacts, or the processes of program implementation, but about the specific aspects of program context that might impact on program outcomes, and about the specific mechanisms that might be creating change." This introduction will help evaluators and commissioners of evaluations to decide whether a realist approach is appropriate for evaluating the impact of a particular policy or programme. Check the results are consistent with causal contribution, 3. This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. Rycroft-Malone J, Burton CR, Williams L, et al. Evaluation has become progressively popular within public health and healthcare programme research, with an emphasis on outcomes and … Realist researchers then try to articulate the theories (termed 'mechanisms') that underpin the programme and explore how contexts influence the mechanisms to produce different programme outcomes. Approach primarily intended to clarify differences in values among stakeholders by collecting and collectively analysing personal accounts of change. Decide who will conduct the evaluation, 5. As realist approaches gain momentum in the evaluation of complex social programmes and interventions, attention is turning to how other approaches can complement realist … We also posit that we are currently observing the emergence of a fifth generation in evaluation: the explanation generation. An impact evaluation approach based on contribution analysis, with the addition of processes for expert review and community review of evidence and conclusions. Complex interventions ... drawing on realist approaches to evaluation and suggesting what sorts of evidence and information local decision-makers need to draw on. An approach especially to impact evaluation which examines what works for whom in what circumstances through what causal mechanisms, including changes in the reasoning and resources of participants. Realism research philosophy relies on the idea of independence of reality from the human mind. Traditional evaluation efforts that focus on aggregate effectiveness represent an oversimplification of both the environment and the interventions themselves. Doing Realist Research combines the foundations of the realist methodology with the very latest thinking in the application, and development, of the approach.From understanding mechanisms, and the formulation of programme theories, to understanding the role of … The realist approach to evaluation research: an introduction By Gillian Hewitt, Sarah Sims, Ruth Harris and University of London Kingston University and St. George's Topics: alliedhealth, health, nursing Resources list on 'realist' evaluation . Content: This article introduces the reader to the realist approach and outlines its application in empirical evaluation studies and literature syntheses. A participatory approach which enables farmers to analyse their own situation and develop a common perspective on natural resource management and agriculture at village level. This introduction aims to explain realist impact evaluation for those unfamiliar with its principles. This technique assumes that knowledge is a social and … Document management processes and agreements, 7. A particular type of case study used to jointly develop an agreed narrative of how an innovation was developed, including key contributors and processes, to inform future innovation efforts. Data were collected through a national scoping and survey, and qualitative methods to track patient and public involvement processes and impact over time within 22 nationally funded research projects. Appendix I – ‘Thinking it through’: an exercise in realist hypothesis making. The paper provides a very brief introduction to the key ideas in realist evaluation and the implications of a realist approach for impact evaluation questions, evaluation design, programme theory, data collection, analysis and Realist evaluation is a valuable method for addressing the complexity of social programmes. It is based on the epistemological foundations of critical realism. • Wong G, Greenhalgh T, Westhorp G, Pawson R. Realist methods in medical education research: what are they and what can they contribute? For realist evaluations (RE) this project aims to: develop quality and reporting standards and training materials; build capacity for undertaking and critically evaluating them; produce resources and training materials for lay participants, and those seeking to involve them. An participatory approach to value-for-money evaluation that identifies a broad range of social outcomes, not only the direct outcomes for the intended beneficiaries of an intervention. This paper offers a model of research synthesis which is designed to work with complex social interventions or programmes, and which is based on the emerging 'realist' approach to evaluation. A realist review adopts a theory-driven approach to evidence synthesis, underpinned by a realist philosophy of science and causality. The UK population is getting older—by 2031 it is estimated that one in five people will be over 65 years old. Cutting nature at its seams. A realist approach assumes that programs are “theories incarnate”. It describes five key ideas which frame realism and their implications for impact evaluation. It describes five key ideas which frame realism and their implications for impact evaluation. Among the realist evaluation community, there is heated debate about whether randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are a credible method for understanding complex interventions . Resources list on 'realist' evaluation . However, theory-based approaches to evaluation, such as realist evaluation (RE), may be better-suited to examination of complex knowledge translation interventions with a view to understanding what works, for whom, and under what conditions. 2)All scientific enquiry is mediated by humans—there is no such thing as final truth or knowledge. Tweets by @BetterEval !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)? New York: Oxford University Press, 1997 Genevieve Coorey, David Peiris, Lis Neubeck, Julie Redfern, A realist evaluation approach to explaining the role of context in the impact of a complex eHealth intervention for improving prevention of cardiovascular disease, BMC Health Services Research, 10.1186/s12913-020-05597-5, 20, 1, (2020). Basic concepts in the explanation and understanding of programmes 3. Realist evaluation using Normalization Process Theory as a programme theory to understand what enabled patient and public involvement to be embedded as normal practice. Drawing on our own experiences, we make the case that, used in conjunction with a realist approach, Soft Systems Methodology can provide a useful tool to a) map programme complexity, and b) develop and refine stakeholders programme theories, thus increasing the transparency, reliability, validity and accuracy of the theory building and refining process in realist approaches.
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