Thus plasticity of seed germination is only expressed between seeds; plasticity of seed number in many annuals tends to be expressed between plants since seed formation takes place over a short period. This article throws light upon the seven important things you must know about plant tissue culture. An example of this form of plasticity is found when plants defend themselves against browsing herbivores, which are themselves selected on the basis of their tolerance to the plants' defence mechanisms. However, plasticity can be disfavored under a variety of circumstances, in some cases resulting in apparent maladaptive plasticity (Scheiner 2013). There has been a surge of interest in phenotypic plasticity in the last two decades. The effect of phenotypic plasticity on plants, as sessile organisms, seems to be of great importance, regarding the acclimation to environmental conditions [1, 11, 12]. Plasticity in plant growth means that (a) plant roots are extensible (b) plant development is dependent on the environment (c) stems can extend (d) none of the above Phenotypic plasticity is considered one of the major means by which plants can cope with environmental factor variability. Most studies, however, are being carried out within relatively narrow disciplinary frameworks. Plants respond to environmental conditions not only by plastic changes to their own development and physiology, but also by altering the phenotypes expressed by their offspring. 2005). Plasticity in irreversible response involving the whole plant can only be expressed between plants. Consequently, researchers differ not only in their scientific agenda; they often use different terminologies and conceptual frameworks even when studying the very same phenomena. Plasticity can be especially important for plants, as sessile organisms, to respond to changing conditions (Bradshaw, 1965; Pigliucci, 2005). Bradshaw (1965) has defined plasticity thus: “Plasticity is shown by a genotype when its expression is able to be altered by environmental influences. The seven things to know about are: (1) Plasticity and Totipotency (2) The Culture Environment (3) Plant Cell Culture Media (4) Plant Growth Regulators in Plant Tissue Culture (5) Culture Types (6) Plant Regeneration and (7) Integration of Plant Tissue Culture into Plant Transformation Protocols. Plastic responses of plants to environmental factors may be placed in an ecological context by regarding them as components of sets of traits which are predictably related to habitat stability and productivity. Plants' pigmentation, root length, leaf mass and efficiency of water use are some of the leading indicators used to study the phenotypic plasticity of plant organisms. As such it is one aspect of plant “behaviour”, a term which has been widely used by plant ecologists in recent years as an alternative to phenotypic plasticity (Silvertown and Gordon, 1989). Difference in plasticity, genetic variation among genotypes, and stochastic factors within and among genotypes can cause phenotypes also to vary within a single environment . Plants are exposed to heterogeneity in the environment where new stress factors (i.e., climate change, land use change, and invasiveness) are introduced, and where inter- and intraspecies differences may reflect resource limitation and/or environmental stress factors. Plasticity has been suggested as an adaptive mechanism that allows plants to optimally respond to environmental heterogeneity (Alpert and Simms 2002; Callahan et al. In ephemeral plants of temporary habitats plasticity is a major component of the mechanis …
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